There may have been some species of pine used but I'm not certain. Oak was pretty common for lots of things back then and has decent weather resistance. We have some windows made from lodgepole pine here which has moderate weather resistance. D fir is very common here too. I have a yard full of both those species. D for is a bit more weather resistant than pine. If you keep them painted and replace the glazing putty if it starts cracking then you should get good life from them.
I've always heard that joint being called a bridle or saddle joint.
I've always heard that joint being called a bridle or saddle joint.