For working with paper patterns on the gears I've been working on since late-Nov., I covered the workpiece with blue painter's tape and then used spay adhesive to glue the pattern onto the blue tape. Once done, the tape peels off easily without leaving any residue. I've used that method more with scroll sawing, but it works just as well for bandsawing, sanding and routing.
I would be VERY careful about using such a "thin" layer between your workpiece and pattern if using a bearing or pin guided cutter. Very difficult to get the cutter height just right so it cuts only the workpiece without touching the pattern. I've used pieces of heavy card stock, ~1/16" thick between my work pieces and patterns, whether it has been using bearing guided or most recently, pin guided.
To connect or join the pattern with the workpiece when using pattern boards and the heavy card stock, I have used dowel pins mostly, but recently, when cleaning up the gear gullets and the tooth pattern on the pattern didn't match that of the hand-cut gears, I used undersized, low profile
aluminum binder screws and used another lather of heavy card stock under the whole assembly as a spacer for the post heads.
Rick