Router Forums banner

Novice in need of advice for cutting box/finger joints

2.2K views 9 replies 4 participants last post by  4DThinker  
#1 ·
Greetings!

I've been struggling to come up with a sound jig/template for making small finger joints using my DIY router table. I'm sure you've all seen the tons of instructional videos of people making and using the type I'm talking about - they have a "key" spacer that allows you to move the workpieces cut-by-cut to ensure uniform spacing.

While the concept is simple enough, the issue that I've run into with the many iterations of my homemade jig is that the versions that are solid end up with the workpieces positioned too 'high' (meaning the distance between the workpiece and the table surface is too great for the bit to cut at the required 'depth).

So, while I'm completely open to any critical feedback about my method in general, my biggest question at the moment is: what type of bit should I be using for this? To date, I've tried straight bits (single AND double fluted) and spiral bits; the latter works well, but limits me to a 1/4" joint - that's the largest diameter spiral I own, I'd happily purchase a larger one if the consensus is that this is the way to go, but most I've found larger than that size are 1/2" shank and I'm using a 1/4" shank trim router).

The straight bits seem [to me] to be more appropriate, but I have none with adequate cutting lengths to reach far enough above the table to make the cuts I need. In my head, the simple solution is to get longer straight bits, but I've found it very difficult to find extended lengths unless they are pattern bits with bearings or larger diameters. I mention that not as just a shopping frustration - I can totally recognize that a lengthy, top-heavy cylinder spinning at high RPM can be pretty dangerous, so with the presumption that is the reason these bits are hard to find, I welcome any advice from more experienced users! I just ordered this 2-1/2" bit this morning, but it was literally the only OD variant I could find at this length without bearings.

Thanks in advance for any insight/guidance you may be able to throw my way... here are some additional notes that may provide a better description of my scenario:

1. The table I'm using is constructed of 3/4" Birch ply, with a 5mm plate recessed flush with the surface. My trim router is mounted directly to this plate (via a through-cut) with its OEM baseplate removed. I don't have an EXACT thickness measurement for the original baseplate, but my 'guestimate' is that there is a 1 or 2mm (at most) net increase in the base thickness caused by the table mounting.

2. The materials I've been using for my jigs have been 15/32" ply and 1/2" ply/MDF, as well as some 1/4" underlayment leftover from a recent flooring install. Previous attempts have ended up at either a solid jig that's too 'high', or one that sits at a workable height but isn't solid enough to be fully reliable/safe.

3. My DIY workbench has T-Tracks with 3/8" opening & depth (NOT mitre slots). This was a lack of forethought on my part, and I suspect is responsible for the majority of my headaches... finding a jig design that can slide "square" without a mitre slot is what's caused most of my designs to end up being too far off the workbench surface. I picked up a 3/8" thick HDPE cutting board last evening and cut some 'sled skis', but wasn't able to quite find a solid mounting method before I had to shut it down for the night. M4 screws seemed to be the best fit, but I only have machine screws (my plan for tonight is to throw some M4 threaded inserts into the jig to mount the skis; I just ran out of time last night). I'm at my office currently and don't have any great photos of the current setup, but this is the bench "under construction" (prior to the installation of the plate) to at least show the orientation of the tracks relative to the router bit:
Image


4. My target widths for the finger joints are 1/4" and 3/8", and the working material will mostly be 1" x 3" and 1" x 4" pine boards. I should also note that this is a "want" and not a "need" for any specific project - this effort was borne from YouTube demos getting my creative gears turning and will likely end up manifesting as nothing more than some random drawers/boxes around the house. Unfortunately, my previous failed attempts and my OCD/stubbornness have colluded to evolve this endeavor into a personal frustration/challenge!

5. I do not (and likely will never) have a table saw unless I happen to stumble into one being gifted to me. I'm working in one half of a cluttered single-car garage; even my current cringy, ghetto excuse-of-a-workbench barely affords enough space to get through when carrying grocery bags.

My gratitude to anyone who's managed to make it through this wall of text - I just try to be as descriptive as possible to avoid my 'novice' status being a deterrent to properly communicating what I'm attempting to do here.

Thanks!
 
#2 ·
I don't think the trim router with 1/4 inch collet is the appropriate machine because it so limits bit choices. Do you have a table saw? Incra makes a great box joint jig for a table saw that adjusts to whatever size fingers you want. I also have a saw blade set that is just for this purpose and that cuts a flat bottom groove. Each is 3/16 ths wide, Stacked one way and you get a 1/4 inch cut, the other way and you get a 3/8ths wide cut. The Incra box joint jig adjusts to whatever width finger you want. The key you mentioned is variable width.

I tried making box joints on my router table using a Rockler jig with a spiral bit, but I couldn't clamp the thing down hard enough so the cuts "wandered" and didn't interlock. No problem with the Incra jig.
Image


I'm assuming you have a table saw because of the perfect T track grooves you cut so beautifully on your table.
Here is the blade set I mentioned.
Image

Last, it is called a box joint and is nearly indestructible. Below is a finger joint and the bit that cuts it. It's used to join two pieces end to end to make a longer piece. The cut tapers, like a finger.
Image
 
#4 ·
Ahhhh, thanks for the clarification on the joints - I had wondered about those terms and I'm not surprised to learn I was mis-using them!

I appreciate the compliment but alas, I do NOT have a table saw. I also don't foresee one in the near future as I have no space for one and can't really justify the expense for the small scale projects I've been working on.

I agree that I'm likely at the point that a router upgrade is warranted; I currently have two cheap-o cordless trim routers (that I actually love using lol) and a couple older fixed-based craftsman behemoths. I'm not sure, however, if/how this current situation is relevant to the router device itself other than perhaps the limitation of the 1/4" shank bits - but I'm open to any insight those with more experience may have in that regard.

I've been able to grind out a few joints with my trial-and-error, but they're ugly at best. I feel like my hangup here is finding a method of attaching/guiding my jigs to the workbench surface that doesn't force the workpieces up so far. My failed attempts have included:

* using Toggle / T-Bolts in the tracks (could not for the life of me get the jig to travel squarely)

** cutting "rails" to secure in the tracks and using dadoes in the jigs to ride over them (travelled squarely, but required materials too thick for the bit(s) to reach the required cut depth)

*** Clamping taller guide pieces on either side of the bit as 'walls' for the jig to slide between (could not get a smooth motion for the jig, and the only leverage keeping the jig down on the workbench was the hand pressure I applied)

Hopefully I'll have time tonight to try out a version that uses the cutting board 'skis' I cut in the tracks. I'm hoping that will allow me to use the thinner plywood as the jig base and seat the workpiece low enough to get the cuts I need. I've also envisioned as a 'plan B' making a sled-style jig with the 1/4" plywood as the bottom…. I feel like that's a pretty flimsy material to be running back-and-forth over a router bit, but I really haven't gotten beyond just a mental concept for that. Fingers crossed!

Lastly, I'm pretty sure you did offer a welcome while giving me advice on a jammed-up height adjustment for one of my older routers - either way, it's appreciated. Glad to be here!
 
#5 ·
if I may ask, are you making box joints or finger joints. I did not see that clearly stated? As you are using a straight cutter, I am assuming 'box' joints.

What size cutter do you want to use? What thickness timber are you going to use?

A 1/4" shank 1/2" cutter should work as you will not be taking off much material on each pass. No more that 1/4" depth of cut for each pass. I use a 1/2" cutter in my Ryobi 1/4" cordless router, very carefully.
 
#9 ·
Sorry, a little late with the reply but I'm looking to make box joints. I was using improper terminology in my original post that was clarified by other users.

For no reason beyond it was what I was experimenting with (and would accommodate most of the projects I could envision working on in the near future), I was looking to create jig(s) to cut 1/4", 3/8", and 1/2" box joints.

I've made quite a few 'prototypes', with varying levels of success, but none have been especially stable and the results are at best "almost acceptable". This is not for a specific project, but more of a personal challenge due to my many failures, but the most likely material would be "one-by" boards, so around 3/4" thickness or less.
 
#6 ·
Hi again. The shop made box joint jig for a table saw is very similar to the one for a router. The tricky part is getting the cuts with the router bit perpendicular to the surface of the workpiece. To get it to do that, you must make sure the front surface of the jig, with the key, is exactly 90 degrees to the miter bar underneath it. And you only need one miter bar. Adding a second miter bar just complicates things. You will not be using a fence, but if you make this jig, make sure the face of the jig is 5-6 inches tall with room to clamp the piece firmly in place so it doesn't wander, especially on the first cut. Clamp it for every cut. Here's a video.
 
#8 ·
First off, apologies for such a delayed reply... I've had a few household crises that have monopolized much of my time the past few weeks.

Secondly, I absolutely LOVE the design of the jig you linked to - thanks for sharing! I'm just seeing it for the first time today so I haven't put any real brain power into yet, but one thing that immediately comes to mid is that I still foresee encountering the original issue of my bit(s) not extending far enough above the table surface(??)

Since I was here last, I did purchase a beefier plunge router (although I've not been able to invest in bits, so I'm still using my original 1/4" shanks), and built a new DIY routing table that extends off the side of my bench. I used 3/4" ply for the table and have the router base (without any plexi) mounted to the bottom. The link you shared suggested 12mm for the jig base, so if I loosely equate that to 1/2", that's a full 1" that my bit would need to extend just to reach the workpiece, plus the depth of cut(?).

I'll try to lay it out this evening, but I fear I'll still be short (cue up locker room jokes lol). Perhaps I'm using a poor design for my routing surface or simply need longer bits, or both? I'm open to any feedback, but appreciate the suggestion either way!